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13 - Measurements and Conversions

CONTENTS
Abbreviations
Liquid Volume Equivalents
Factor for Converting U.S. to British
Factors for Converting U.S. to Metric
Temperature Scale
Weight Scale
Liquid Volume Scale
Length Scale
Cup Weight Equivalents

NOTE: Visit the Encyclopizza home page for the complete Table of Contents, including pizza dough/crust/sauce recipes.

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Because this website was created by an American company, lengths, weights, temperatures, and liquid volume measurements are given in inches, pounds and ounces, degrees Fahrenheit, and quarts and cups (U.S. version). If you deal in another measurement system, this chapter will help make the conversion.

Abbreviations

U.S.

   oz  =  ounce

    lb =  pound

     t  =  teaspoon (also tsp)

    T  =  tablespoon (also tbsp)

    c  =  cup

   pt  =  pint

   qt  =  quart

  gal  =  gallon

   in  =  inches (also " )

    ft =  feet

  yd  =  yard

    F  =  Fahrenheit

METRIC

    g  =  gram (also gm)

   kg  =  kilogram (kilo)

   ml  =  milliliter

    cl  =  centiliter

     l  =  liter (also L)

mm =  millimeter

  cm  =  centimeter

   m  =  meter

    C  =  Celsius (Centigrade)

Liquid Volume Equivalents

For liquid volume measurements (U.S. version), here’s two charts of equivalent amounts that can be handy when reducing or expanding recipes.

VOLUME-TO-VOLUME

    3  t   =   1 T

   16 T   =   1 c

    2 c   =   1 pt

    2 pt   =   1 qt

    4 qt   =   1 gal

VOLUME-TO-WEIGHT*

   1/4 t   =   1/24 fluid ounce

   1/2 t   =   1/12 fl oz

     1 t   =   1/6 fl oz

    1 T   =   1/2 fl oz (2T = 1 fl oz)

    1 c   =   8 fl oz

    1 pt   =   16 fl oz

    1 qt   =   32 fl oz

  1 gal   =   128 fl oz

  * U.S. quantities

 A U.S. fluid ounce is equivalent to 1/8 cup of water.

Factor for Converting U.S. to British

Americans and British still use teaspoon, tablespoon, cup, pint, quart, and gallon measurements, but the two systems aren’t the same. British units are 1.2 times larger than American.

To convert an American recipe to British units, multiply the U.S. liquid measures by 0.83 (the same as dividing by 1.2).

To convert a British recipe to U.S. units, multiply the British liquid measures by 1.2.

Those rules apply to liquid volumes but not to the fluid ounce. The U.S. fluid ounce is 1/8 cup; the British is 1/10 cup. This makes the U.S. and British fluid ounce almost the equal.

Factors for Converting U.S. to Metric

All countries except the U.S. and Britain use metric measurements exclusively. To convert U.S. and British measurements to the metric system, and vice versa, apply these rules.

When you know      You can find       If you multiply by

ounces                         grams                       28 (specifically 28.35)

pounds                         kilograms                  0.453

grams                           ounces                     0.035

kilograms                      pounds                     2.22

teaspoons                     milliliters                   5

tablespoons                   milliliters                   15

When you know      You can find       If you multiply by

cups (U.S.)                   liters                         0.24

pints (U.S.)                   liters                         0.47

quarts (U.S.)                 liters                         0.95

gallons (U.S.)                liters                         3.79               

millimeters                     teaspoons                 0.2

millimeters                     tablespoons              0.07

liters                             cups                         4.23 U.S.         3.49 Brit.

liters                             pints                         2.11 U.S.         1.74 Brit.

liters                             quarts                       1.06 U.S.         0.88 Brit.

liters                             gallons                      0.26 U.S.         0.22 Brit.

inches                          millimeters                25.4

feet                               centimeters               30.5

yards                            meters                      0.91

millimeters                     inches                      0.04

centimeters                   feet                          0.033

meters                          yards                       1.1

degrees Fahrenheit              degrees Celsius*             0.55 (after subtracting 32)

degrees Celsius*                  degrees Fahrenheit         1.8 (then add 32)

*Celsius is also known as Centigrade

Temperature Scale

For converting Fahrenheit (F) temperature to Celsius (C), use this scale.

      0° F    =    -18° C

      5° F    =    -15° C

    10° F    =    -12° C

    15° F    =      -9° C

    20° F    =      -7° C

    25° F    =      -4° C

    30° F    =      -1° C

     32°F    =        0°C

    35° F    =       2° C

    40° F    =       4° C

    45° F    =       7° C

    50° F    =      10° C

    55° F    =      13° C

    60° F    =      16° C

    65° F    =      18° C

    70° F    =      21° C

    75° F    =      24° C

    80° F    =      27° C

    85° F    =      29° C

    90° F    =      32° C

    95° F    =      35° C

  100° F    =      38° C

  110° F    =      43° C

  120° F    =      49° C

  130° F    =      54° C

  140° F    =      60° C

  150° F    =      66° C

  160° F    =      71° C

  170° F    =      77° C

  180° F    =      82° C

  190° F    =      88° C

  200° F    =      93° C

  210° F    =      99° C

   212°F    =     100°C

  250° F    =    121° C

  300° F    =    149° C

  350° F    =    177° C

  400° F    =    204° C

  450° F    =    232° C

  500° F    =    260° C

  550° F    =    288° C

  600° F    =    316° C

Weight Scale

For converting ounces (oz) and pounds (lb) into grams (g) and kilograms (kg), use this scale.

   1/8 oz     =     3.5 g

   1/4 oz     =        7 g

   1/2 oz     =      14 g

   3/4 oz     =      21 g

     1 oz     =      28 g

      2 oz     =      57 g

      3 oz     =      85 g

      4 oz     =    114 g

      5 oz     =    142 g

      6 oz     =    170 g

      7 oz     =    199 g

      8 oz     =    226 g

      9 oz     =    254 g

    10 oz     =    283 g

    11 oz     =    311 g

    12 oz     =    340 g

    13 oz     =    368 g

    14 oz     =    396 g

    15 oz    =      425 g

      1 lb    =      453 g

       2 lb    =      905 g

    2.2 lb    =       1 kg

       3 lb    =   1.35 kg

       4 lb    =   1.81 kg

       5 lb    =   2.27 kg

     10 lb    =   4.53 kg

     15 lb    =     6.8 kg

     20 lb    =     9.1 kg

     25 lb    =   11.3 kg

     30 lb    =   13.6 kg

     35 lb    =   15.9 kg

     40 lb    =   18.1 kg

     45 lb    =   20.4 kg

     50 lb    =   22.7 kg

   100 lb    =   45.3 kg

Liquid Volume Scale

For converting U.S. teaspoons (t), tablespoons (T), cups (c), pints (pt), and quarts (qt) into milliliters (ml) and liters (l), use this scale.

1/4 t    =  1.25 ml

      1/2 t    =    2.5 ml

      3/4 t    =  3.75 ml

        1 t    =      5 ml

       1 T    =    15 ml

     1/4 c    =     59 ml

     1/2 c    =   118 ml

     3/4 c    =   177 ml

1 c    =   237 ml (0.24 L)

       1 pt    =    474 ml (0.47 L)

       1 qt    =    947 ml (0.94 L)

 1.06qt    =     1.0 L

     1 gal    =   3.77 L

      These are U.S. measures. British measures would be 20 percent larger volume.

Length Scale

For converting inches (in) into millimeters (mm) and centimeters (cm), use this scale.

       1/8 in  =   3.2 mm

       1/4 in  =   6.4 mm

       1/2 in  = 12.7 mm

       3/4 in  = 19.1 mm

         1 in  = 25.4 mm

    1-1/4 in  =    32 mm

    1-1/2 in  =    38 mm

    1-3/4 in  =    45 mm

          2 in  =    5.1 cm

          3 in  =    7.6 cm

       3.9 in  =  10.0 cm

          4 in  =  10.2 cm

          5 in  =  12.7 cm

          6 in  =  15.2 cm

1 ft  =  30.5 cm

        1 yd  =    0.91 m

Cup Weight Equivalents

For accuracy, ingredients should be weighed. However sometimes it’s convenient to measure with a volume cup. Here’s the approximate weight of key ingredients contained in one U.S. cup.

1 CUP OZ

                                 Water    =     8 (specifically 8.33)

                  High-gluten flour   =     4-1/2

                                     Salt    =     9-1/2

                 Granulated sugar   =     7

                       Vegetable oil    =     7

                   Solid shortening   =     7

                           Fresh egg    =     8

                          Corn syrup    =   11

                   Non-fat dry milk    =     3

               Heavy pizza sauce    =     9

For teaspoon measurements of spices and seasonings, see the Measuring and Blending Dry Ingredients section of the Sauce chapter.

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Encyclopizza® researched, written, and complied by John Correll.
Copyright © 2002, Correll Consulting, LLC. We grant you permission to make a printed copy of any portions of this website.
All rights reserved. Legal Notice